BEGIN:VCALENDAR
VERSION:2.0
PRODID:-//Narara Valley Medical - ECPv6.17.1//NONSGML v1.0//EN
CALSCALE:GREGORIAN
METHOD:PUBLISH
X-WR-CALNAME:Narara Valley Medical
X-ORIGINAL-URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au
X-WR-CALDESC:Events for Narara Valley Medical
REFRESH-INTERVAL;VALUE=DURATION:PT1H
X-Robots-Tag:noindex
X-PUBLISHED-TTL:PT1H
BEGIN:VTIMEZONE
TZID:Australia/Sydney
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZOFFSETFROM:+1100
TZOFFSETTO:+1000
TZNAME:AEST
DTSTART:20240406T160000
END:STANDARD
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZOFFSETFROM:+1000
TZOFFSETTO:+1100
TZNAME:AEDT
DTSTART:20241005T160000
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZOFFSETFROM:+1100
TZOFFSETTO:+1000
TZNAME:AEST
DTSTART:20250405T160000
END:STANDARD
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZOFFSETFROM:+1000
TZOFFSETTO:+1100
TZNAME:AEDT
DTSTART:20251004T160000
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZOFFSETFROM:+1100
TZOFFSETTO:+1000
TZNAME:AEST
DTSTART:20260404T160000
END:STANDARD
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZOFFSETFROM:+1000
TZOFFSETTO:+1100
TZNAME:AEDT
DTSTART:20261003T160000
END:DAYLIGHT
END:VTIMEZONE
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20251207
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20251208
DTSTAMP:20251124T014244Z
CREATED:20251124T014244Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20251124T014244Z
UID:8096-1765065600-1765151999@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:Tropical Tree Day
DESCRIPTION:Planet Ark has a national tree day in July as well as tropical tree day this December 7. \nSpending time in green spaces leads to better mental health and wellbeing\, so it’s no wonder we gravitate towards nature when we need a break. However\, with some considered planting\, there’s no reason why your own backyard or balcony garden can’t have a similar effect.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/tropical-tree-day/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20251205
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20251206
DTSTAMP:20251124T013617Z
CREATED:20251124T013617Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20251124T013617Z
UID:8094-1764892800-1764979199@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:World Soil Day
DESCRIPTION:The theme for 2025 is Healthy Soils for Healthy Cities.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/world-soil-day-2/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20251203
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20251204
DTSTAMP:20251124T012621Z
CREATED:20251124T012621Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20251124T012621Z
UID:8092-1764720000-1764806399@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:International Day of People with Disability
DESCRIPTION:The United Nations has announced the theme for IDPwD 2025. The theme is: \nFostering disability inclusive societies for advancing social progress.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/international-day-of-people-with-disability/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20251201
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20251202
DTSTAMP:20251124T012312Z
CREATED:20251124T011737Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20251124T012312Z
UID:8088-1764547200-1764633599@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:World AIDS Day
DESCRIPTION:World AIDS Day raises awareness of HIV and AIDS in our community and across the world. It reminds us that HIV is still a global epidemic.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/world-aids-day-3/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20251125
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20251126
DTSTAMP:20251024T034152Z
CREATED:20251024T034152Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20251024T034152Z
UID:8047-1764028800-1764115199@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women
DESCRIPTION:Violence against women and girls (VAWG) remains largely unreported due to the impunity\, silence\, stigma and shame surrounding it. \nIt can manifest in physical\, sexual and psychological forms\, encompassing:\n– intimate partner violence (battering\, psychological abuse\, marital rape\, femicide);\n– sexual violence and harassment (rape\, forced sexual acts\, unwanted sexual advances\, child sexual abuse\, forced – marriage\, street harassment\, stalking\, cyber- harassment);\n– human trafficking (slavery\, sexual exploitation);\n– female genital mutilation; and\n– child marriage. \nWithin the UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women issued by the UN General Assembly in 1993\, defines violence against women as “any act of gender-based violence that results in\, or is likely to result in\, physical\, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women\, including threats of such acts\, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty\, whether occurring in public or in private life.” \nThis affects women at all stages of their life\, including education\, employment\, and opportunities.\nSome women and girls\, such as those in vulnerable situations or humanitarian crises\, migrants\, LGTBI\, indigenous people or those with disabilities\, face greater risk. \nViolence against women continues to be an obstacle to achieving equality\, development\, peace as well as to the fulfillment of women and girls’ human rights. All in all\, the promise of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – to leave no one behind – cannot be fulfilled without putting an end to violence against women and girls.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/international-day-for-the-elimination-of-violence-against-women/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20251119
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20251120
DTSTAMP:20251024T033856Z
CREATED:20251024T033856Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20251024T033856Z
UID:8044-1763510400-1763596799@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:International Men's Day
DESCRIPTION:In Australia\, IMD is a great opportunity to take part in a global conversation about manhood\, masculinity and men’s issues by: \n– highlighting some of the social issues that men and boys face \n– making a difference for the men and boys in your community \n– celebrating men and boys in all their diversity \n– having some serious fun in the process. \nThis year\, International Men’s Day will be held on Wednesday 19 November 2025\, though many people will hold their activities and celebrations before or after the main event.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/international-mens-day-2/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Australia/Sydney:20251118T080000
DTEND;TZID=Australia/Sydney:20251126T170000
DTSTAMP:20251024T033334Z
CREATED:20251024T033334Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20251024T033334Z
UID:8038-1763452800-1764176400@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:World Antimicrobial Awareness Week
DESCRIPTION:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when bacteria\, viruses\, fungi and parasites change over time and no longer respond to medicines\, making infections harder to treat and increasing the risk of disease spread\, severe illness and death. As a result of drug resistance\, antibiotics and other antimicrobial medicines become ineffective and infections become increasingly difficult or impossible to treat.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/world-antimicrobial-awareness-week-3/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20251118
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20251119
DTSTAMP:20251024T033543Z
CREATED:20251024T033543Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20251024T033543Z
UID:8040-1763424000-1763510399@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:World Day for the Prevention and Healing from Child Sexual Exploitation\, Abuse and Violence
DESCRIPTION:Globally\, countless young individuals are victims of sexual misconduct and exploitation. Such violations are pervasive\, cutting across all nations and societal strata. \nChildren\, especially girls\, are at a greater risk of experiencing forced sex and sexual exploitation\, abuse and violence\, including both online and offline\, and it’s also a common situation during armed conflicts. \nIn the global context of multiple challenges – the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic\, conflicts\, climate change and disasters – the inadequate action\, or measures to address the root causes\, such as rising inequalities\, deepening poverty\, and structural discrimination on intersecting grounds\, continue to exacerbate the situations that expose children to exploitation\, abuse and violence. Child victims and survivors of such crimes can face long-lasting negative impacts on their physical\, mental\, and sexual health and development. Such trauma on children may even amount to torture and other cruel\, inhuman or degrading treatment. \nMany victims and survivors never disclose and/or seek justice\, rehabilitation or support because of the shame. For many victims and survivors\, their child abuse experience affects their physical and mental health and well-being\, and sometimes there are lifelong consequences.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/world-day-for-the-prevention-and-healing-from-child-sexual-exploitation-abuse-and-violence/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20251117
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20251118
DTSTAMP:20251024T033133Z
CREATED:20251024T033133Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20251024T033133Z
UID:8036-1763337600-1763423999@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:Cervical Cancer Elimination Day of Action
DESCRIPTION:Each year WHO joins advocates around the world to commemorate a landmark Day of Action for Cervical Cancer Elimination and welcome groundbreaking new initiatives to end this devastating disease. The global movement to eliminate cervical cancer is driven by the energy\, passion and momentum of communities\, partners and individuals working towards catalyzing change. \nThe date marks the day in 2020 when WHO launched the Global strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem\, with a resolution passed by 194 countries.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/cervical-cancer-elimination-day-of-action/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20251114
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20251115
DTSTAMP:20251024T032906Z
CREATED:20251024T032846Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20251024T032906Z
UID:8034-1763078400-1763164799@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:World Diabetes Day
DESCRIPTION:Diabetes is a major cause of blindness\, kidney failure\, heart attack\, stroke and lower limb amputation. Healthy diet\, physical activity and avoiding tobacco use can prevent or delay type 2 diabetes. In addition diabetes can be treated and its consequences avoided or delayed with medication\, regular screening and treatment for complications.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/world-diabetes-day-4/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20251112
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20251113
DTSTAMP:20251024T032738Z
CREATED:20251024T032738Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20251024T032738Z
UID:8032-1762905600-1762991999@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:World Pneumonia Day
DESCRIPTION:Each year on World Pneumonia Day\, Every Breath Counts adds our collective voice to the global call to action by rallying our members.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/world-pneumonia-day/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Australia/Sydney:20251101T080000
DTEND;TZID=Australia/Sydney:20251130T170000
DTSTAMP:20251024T032623Z
CREATED:20251024T032623Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20251024T032623Z
UID:8029-1761984000-1764522000@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:Movember
DESCRIPTION:If there’s one thing The Order of Mo is known for\, it’s this. Growing a Mo is our symbol for better men’s health. It also grabs attention and starts important conversations. So give it a go – it shows the world you stand for healthier men and a healthier world.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/movember-3/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Australia/Sydney:20251024T080000
DTEND;TZID=Australia/Sydney:20251024T170000
DTSTAMP:20251024T033700Z
CREATED:20251024T033700Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20251024T033700Z
UID:8042-1761292800-1761325200@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:World Toilet Day
DESCRIPTION:This essential space\, at the centre of our lives\, should be safe and secure. But for billions of people\, sanitation is under threat from conflict\, climate change\, disasters and neglect. \n‘Safe toilets for all by 2030’ is one of the targets of Sustainable Development Goal 6 – but the world is seriously off track. \n3.5 billion people still live without safely managed sanitation\, including 419 million who practise open defecation. \nFaster action to improve and protect people’s access to sanitation is critical to building a fairer\, more peaceful world.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/world-toilet-day/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Australia/Sydney:20251018T080000
DTEND;TZID=Australia/Sydney:20251026T170000
DTSTAMP:20250922T002705Z
CREATED:20250922T002705Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20250922T002705Z
UID:7970-1760774400-1761498000@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:Children's Week
DESCRIPTION:Everyone should know about Children’s Rights! \nThe Children’s Week National Theme for 2025 is based on UNCRC Article 42: States Parties undertake to make the principles and provisions of the Convention widely known\, by appropriate and active means\, to adults and children alike.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/childrens-week/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Australia/Sydney:20251012T080000
DTEND;TZID=Australia/Sydney:20251018T170000
DTSTAMP:20250922T002442Z
CREATED:20250922T002442Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20250922T002442Z
UID:7968-1760256000-1760806800@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:OCD Awareness Week
DESCRIPTION:OCD Awareness Week (#OCDweek) is a worldwide event that serves to dispel myths about obsessive compulsive disorder\, break the stigma around mental illness\, and provide education about the disorder and how to support those affected.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/ocd-awareness-week/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Australia/Sydney:20251012T080000
DTEND;TZID=Australia/Sydney:20251018T170000
DTSTAMP:20250922T002236Z
CREATED:20250922T002236Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20250922T002236Z
UID:7966-1760256000-1760806800@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:National Carers Week
DESCRIPTION:National Carers Week is an opportunity to raise community awareness among all Australians about the diversity of carers and their caring roles.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/national-carers-week-3/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20251010
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20251011
DTSTAMP:20250922T002016Z
CREATED:20250922T001859Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20250922T002016Z
UID:7964-1760054400-1760140799@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:World Mental Health Day
DESCRIPTION:The overall objective of World Mental Health Day is to raise awareness of mental health issues around the world and to mobilise efforts in support of mental health.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/world-mental-health-day-2/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20251009
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20251010
DTSTAMP:20250922T001624Z
CREATED:20250922T001624Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20250922T001624Z
UID:7962-1759968000-1760054399@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:World Sight Day
DESCRIPTION:On World Sight Day\, we cast a spotlight on the importance of eye care around the world. Every October\, on the second Thursday\, the worlds’ attention is focused on what it means to have eye care that is accessible\, available and affordable to all.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/world-sight-day-3/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20251006
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20251007
DTSTAMP:20250922T001424Z
CREATED:20250922T001424Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20250922T001424Z
UID:7960-1759708800-1759795199@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:World Cerebral Palsy Day
DESCRIPTION:World Cerebral Palsy Day is a global movement that started in 2012. Last year\, it reached over 10 million people. It aims to bring together people living with cerebral palsy\, their families\, supporters\, and organisations from over 100 countries. The aim is to ensure a future in which children and adults with cerebral palsy have the same rights\, access and opportunities as anyone else in our society.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/world-cerebral-palsy-day-3/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Australia/Sydney:20251001T080000
DTEND;TZID=Australia/Sydney:20251031T170000
DTSTAMP:20250922T000912Z
CREATED:20250922T000912Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20250922T000912Z
UID:7958-1759305600-1761930000@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:Breast Cancer Awareness Month
DESCRIPTION:OUR VISION: ZERO DEATHS FROM BREAST CANCER\n\nOctober is Breast Cancer Awareness month and an important time for NBCF to highlight why research in this area is so crucial. Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia\, with 9 people losing their lives to the disease every day.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/breast-cancer-awareness-month-3/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Australia/Sydney:20251001T080000
DTEND;TZID=Australia/Sydney:20251031T170000
DTSTAMP:20250922T000106Z
CREATED:20250922T000106Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20250922T000106Z
UID:7954-1759305600-1761930000@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:Mental Health Month
DESCRIPTION:Mental Health Month is celebrated each year in the month of October in NSW. This month encourages all of us to think about our mental health and wellbeing\, regardless of whether we may have a lived experience of mental illness or not. \nThe 2025 theme is Taking Steps on your Wellbeing Journey.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/mental-health-month-2/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20251001
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20251002
DTSTAMP:20250922T000648Z
CREATED:20250922T000648Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20250922T000648Z
UID:7956-1759276800-1759363199@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:International Day of Older Persons
DESCRIPTION:On 14 December 1990\, the United Nations General Assembly designated October 1 as the International Day of Older Persons (resolution 45/106). This was preceded by initiatives such as the Vienna International Plan of Action on Ageing\, which was adopted by the 1982 World Assembly on Ageing and endorsed later that year by the UN General Assembly.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/international-day-of-older-persons-3/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20250929
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20250930
DTSTAMP:20250820T054924Z
CREATED:20250820T054924Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20250820T054924Z
UID:7920-1759104000-1759190399@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:World Heart Day
DESCRIPTION:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the world’s number one killer. Combined\, conditions affecting the heart or blood vessels – such as heart attack\, stroke and heart failure – kill more than 20.5 million every year. The majority of these deaths happen in low- and middle-income countries.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/world-heart-day/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20250923
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20250924
DTSTAMP:20250820T054742Z
CREATED:20250820T054742Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20250820T054742Z
UID:7918-1758585600-1758671999@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:International Day of Sign Languages
DESCRIPTION:The UN General Assembly has proclaimed 23 September as the International Day of Sign Languages in order to raise awareness of the importance of sign language in the full realization of the human rights of people who are deaf.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/international-day-of-sign-languages-2/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20250921
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20250922
DTSTAMP:20250820T054615Z
CREATED:20250820T054615Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20250820T054615Z
UID:7916-1758412800-1758499199@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:International Day of Peace
DESCRIPTION:The International Day of Peace was established in 1981 by the United Nations General Assembly. Two decades later\, in 2001\, the General Assembly unanimously voted to designate the Day as a period of non-violence and cease-fire.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/international-day-of-peace/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Australia/Sydney:20250915T080000
DTEND;TZID=Australia/Sydney:20250921T170000
DTSTAMP:20250820T054427Z
CREATED:20250820T054357Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20250820T054427Z
UID:7913-1757923200-1758474000@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:Dementia Action Week
DESCRIPTION:Dementia Action Week is a major leadership\, awareness and advocacy campaign led by Dementia Australia as the peak body for people living with dementia\, their families and carers in Australia.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/dementia-action-week-2/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20250911
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20250912
DTSTAMP:20250820T054229Z
CREATED:20250820T054229Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20250820T054229Z
UID:7911-1757548800-1757635199@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:RUOK? Day
DESCRIPTION:R U OK? inspire and empower everyone to meaningfully connect with the  people around them and start a conversation with those in their world who may be struggling with life.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/ruok-day/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Australia/Sydney:20250901T080000
DTEND;TZID=Australia/Sydney:20250908T170000
DTSTAMP:20250820T054028Z
CREATED:20250820T054028Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20250820T054028Z
UID:7909-1756713600-1757350800@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:Adult Learners Week
DESCRIPTION:Adult Learners Week is an international celebration of lifelong and lifewide learning. We encourage Australians to use Adult Learners Week to reflect on your own learning journey and investigate opportunities to “take the next step”.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/adult-learners-week/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Australia/Sydney:20250901T080000
DTEND;TZID=Australia/Sydney:20250907T170000
DTSTAMP:20250820T053913Z
CREATED:20250820T053913Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20250820T053913Z
UID:7907-1756713600-1757264400@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:Asthma Week
DESCRIPTION:Asthma Week is Asthma Australia’s annual awareness-raising activity held on 1 – 7 September each year\, for the more than 2.8 million people with asthma in Australia.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/asthma-week/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Australia/Sydney:20250901T080000
DTEND;TZID=Australia/Sydney:20250907T170000
DTSTAMP:20250820T053449Z
CREATED:20250820T053449Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20250820T053449Z
UID:7903-1756713600-1757264400@nararavalleymedical.com.au
SUMMARY:Women's Health Week
DESCRIPTION:Jean Hailes Women’s Health Week is Australia’s largest event dedicated to the health and wellbeing of all women\, girls and gender-diverse people. Our next Women’s Health Week is 1 to 5 September 2025.
URL:https://nararavalleymedical.com.au/event/womens-health-week-2/
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR